The following operating systems have been designed to help you being anonymous on the Internet, they come with Tor, encryption and lots of countermeasures that stop online tracking.
Anonymous Linux OS
Mofo Linux: Debian based operating system optimised to defeat censorship and surveillance, it includes Bleachbit to wipe data, V2ray to bypass censorship,Tor for anonymous browsing, Zulucrypt to encrypt data and many other tools that will help people living in non free countries access the Internet and delete traces. You can use this distribution to browse the Internet anonymously and encrypt communications and files you download.
The Amnesic Incogmico Live System (Tails): Likely the most popular operating system for Internet anonymity. Tails has been around for many years and is often updated, it comes with a firewall that blocks any Internet connection that do not go through Tor, this makes it impossible to expose your real computer IP even by accident. Tails is my number one choice distribution for anonymity on the Internet.
Linux Kodachi: Debian with a customized XFCE desktop, an alternative to Tails, Kodachi website contains a comparison table showing how Kodachi Linux is better than Tails by adding a Litecoin wallet, built in VPN, Veracrypt, DNSCrypt and Pacnic Room in between many other tools and the expected Tor browser, MAC address randomization and the Pidgin messenger.
Penetration Testing Distributions
The following distributions have been designed to to test network security, aka hacking, or carry out a computer forensics analysis after an incident. A few of the distributions come with Tor and encryption tools.
Parrot Security OS: Pen testing distribution based on Debian. In addition of being able to use Parrot OS for digital forensics, you have anonymity tools like Tor and I2P out of the box, Anonsurf, a RAM memory cleaner, BleachBit, NoScript and a Internet browser profile manager. Encryption tools to secure data you download are also included, you can use Veracrypt, LUKS, GnuPG and a encrypted system installation.
BlackArch Linux: Pen testing Arch Linux based distribution used by ethical hackers and security researchers. It contains 2800 penetration testing tools and there are updates four times a year.
BackBox Linux: Based on Ubuntu, this is a community project with a minimal desktop, XFCE, that contains multiple hacking tools. An anonymous mode lets you browser the Internet with Tor an access hidden .onion sites.
Kali Linux: Perhaps the most popular penetration testing distribution, based on Debian, Kali Linux is available in various desktop environments, it can be used for pen testing, security research and a forensic mode, preserving timestamps and original files. You can even run Kali in the cloud.
Security Linux Distributions
The following operating systems have been designed to stop intrusion, resources are separated from each other so that if an attacker gets in he will not be able to escalate and take over the whole machine.
Whonix OS: Debian desktop operating system for advanced anonymity and privacy, Whonix runs inside a virtual machine, this stops malware from spreading into your computer.
This operating system routes everything with Tor to hide your computer IP. The default Whonix configuration is enough to keep you anonymous, even if you don’t know much about computers, nothing has to be changed to remain anonymous on the Internet.
Qubes OS: Highly compartmentalized operating system that runs each application on its own sandbox, it is extremely difficult for malware to spread due to this.
This operating system is highly recommended for those afraid of their computers being infected with malware but if what you are after is anonymization there are better alternatives.
Linux distribution with AI
Gnoppix: Privacy Linux distribution designed to run the uncensored pre-configured AI tools, Tor is also available to hide your IP.